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  • Perforation characteristics of lost fish in old gas storage wells by high-pressure abrasive jet erosion

    GAO Wei;HUANG Zhongwei;WU Xiaoguang;GAO Qingchun;YAO Jianpeng;ZHAO Yan;State Key Laboratory of Deep Geothermal Resources,China University of Petroleum(Beijing);CNPC Great Wall Drilling Engineering;

    To address the effective sealing of lost fish boreholes in old wells within gas storage zones,a high-pressure abrasive jet erosion perforation method was developed.Experimental studies on abrasive jet erosion of lost fish drill pipes were conducted,with perforation time and hole diameter as evaluation indicators. The effects of jet parameters and abrasive parameters on perforation performance were analyzed,and the maximum standoff distance diagrams under different jet pressures were obtained.Results show that different abrasives exhibit varying perforation efficiencies:silicon carbide>ceramic particles>quartz sand,with silicon carbide recommended for its higher hardness. Under the same jet pressure,abrasive particle size(40～60 mesh) and volume fraction(6%～8%) significantly affect perforation quality.Reducing standoff distance and increasing pump pressure are critical for improving efficiency. Erosion efficiency decreases with increasing jet angle(not exceeding 25°). Abrasive jet perforation effectiveness declines with standoff distance,with maximum standoff distances predicted between 24.7～42.5 cm at 10～30 MPa.The method can perforate Ф127 mm drill pipe bodies in 2～4 minutes and tool joints in 10～12 minutes,creating holes of 11～26.9 mm diameter. This study validates the feasibility of high-pressure abrasive jet erosion for lost fish perforation, providing theoretical and methodological guidance for sealing complex old wells in gas storage.

    2025 04 v.53;No.634 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1591K]

  • Breakup and atomization characteristics of hazardous waste paste impacted by multiple gas jets

    GUO Guangming;Intelligent Equipment Research Institute,Beijing Academy of Science and Technology;

    In response to the problem of incomplete combustion of hazardous waste paste after it enters the pre-decomposition furnace,which causes fluctuations in carbon monoxide emissions from cement kilns and makes the emissions exceed the standard,a method of using multiple gas jets to break up and atomize hazardous waste paste is proposed.A hazardous waste paste containing 40% sludge mass fraction is determined for compatibility based on the experimental results of slump and viscosity,The feasibility of break up and atomization of hazardous waste paste is demonstrated based on the effects of rotational shear and structural flow shear.An experimental platform for breakup and atomization characteristics is built,and the influence of nozzle number i,nozzle to spray gun discharge edge distance d,and feeding speed v on atomization angle,spray distance,geometric shape,particle size,and mass distribution was studied.The research results indicate that the slump of hazardous waste paste containing 40% sludge mass fraction is 100 mm,the viscosity is 224 200 mPa·s,the yield stress is 219.2 Pa, the calorific value is 27.18 MJ/kg,the suitable combustion temperature is 1 000 ℃,and the residence time in the furnace is at least 400 s,with the highest burnout rate.It is determined that the fluid belongs to a Bingham fluid based on the relationship between shear rate and shear stress,as well as the phenomenon of shear thinning.The research on atomization characteristics shows that the atomization angle is between 60°～80°,which is basically consistent with the theoretical value of 70°,and the atomization geometry is in the shape of a bullet.According to the study of mass distribution, the atomization effect is optimal when i=3,followed by i=5,and i=2has the worst effect.When d=160 mm,the atomization effect is optimal,followed by d=240 mm,and d=80 mm,the effect is the worst.As the pushing speed v increases,the atomization effect gradually deteriorates.The new sprayer adopts the staggered layered three-dimensional impact jet method,with i=3 and d=160 mm as the optimal design input parameters.The research results can provide reference for the study of new gas jet spray guns.

    2025 04 v.53;No.634 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1353K]

  • Experimental study on electric heating frost retardation for air-source heat pump systems

    HUANG Dong;WU Siyuan;ZHAO Rijing;WANG Fei;School of Energy and Power Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University;Qingdao Haier Air Conditioner General Corp.,Ltd.;

    To address the heating capacity degradation caused by outdoor unit frosting during winter operation of air-source heat pumps,an electric heater was installed at the inlet pipe of the outdoor heat exchanger to elevate evaporation temperature,delay frosting,and reduce defrosting frequency. Experimental prototypes were tested to compare system performance with/without the electric heater, analyze differences between constant operating parameters and automatic adjustment,and investigate the effects of heater power, compressor frequency, expansion valve opening,and outdoor fan speed on heating performance.Results show that a 560 W heater extends heating duration by 15.1% and increases average heating capacity by 1.6%.Within the 0～735 W power range, heating duration linearly increases with heater power,extending by 2.4 minutes per 100 W increment.This study provides reference for defrosting optimization in air-source heat pumps.

    2025 04 v.53;No.634 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1440K]

  • Experimental study on the performance of three-pressure heat pump system under high-temperature refrigeration conditions

    BAI Jing;HE Siyuan;CUI Siqi;ZHENG Huifan;WANG Lejian;FAN Huifang;CHEN Mingzhi;School of Energy & Environment,Zhongyuan University of Technology;

    Aiming at the problems of poor cooling effect,energy efficiency ratio(EER) and low operational reliability of air source heat pump system under extreme working conditions,a three-pressure heat pump system was developed and an experimental platform was built.The cooling performance of the single-stage heat pump system and the three-pressure heat pump system was compared and analyzed through the experimental research. The results show that with the increase of compressor speed,the cooling capacity of the three-pressure system is higher than that of the single-stage system.At 4 500 r/min,the cooling capacity is higher by 9.7%,the EER is higher by 4.72%,and the exhaust temperature of the three-pressure system is lower by 4.23%.When the outdoor temperature is greater than 43 ℃,the cooling capacity and EER of the three-pressure system increase compared with that of the single-stage system.When the outdoor temperature is 43 ℃ and 46 ℃,the cooling capacity of the three-pressure system increase 26.06% and 37.9%,and the EER increase 8.6% and 20.5%.With the increase of the outdoor temperature,the effect of the three-pressure system on suppressing the compressor exhaust temperature is more obvious.When the outdoor temperature is 46 ℃,the exhaust temperature is reduced by 12.33%.The research results provide a reference for the application of air source heat pump system in extreme working conditions.

    2025 04 v.53;No.634 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1185K]

  • Research on energy saving reciprocating plate column based on electro-permanent magnet technology

    ZHANG Hongsheng;ZHANG Deqiang;GUO Kai;MENG Linyuan;ZHANG Yiran;QIAN Hongbo;Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse,Yanshan University;Petrochina Liaoyang Petrochemical Company;

    In order to improve the hydrodynamic characteristics and reduce energy consumption of reciprocating plate column,an energy saving reciprocating plate column based on electro-permanent magnet technology was proposed. Through the finite element simulation of magnetic field,the average magnetic induction intensity of the electro-permanent magnet device was 1.48 T,which satisfies its feasibility as a driving mechanism. Subsequently,the water-kerosene system was used in a reciprocating plate column with an inner diameter of 55 mm. The results show that with the increase of vibration frequency,the ratio of dispersed holdup decreases first and then increases,up to 16.7%;The sauter mean diameter decreases with the increase of vibration frequency,and the minimum is 2.75 mm;Due to the introduction of the electro-permanent magnet device,the reciprocating plate column can enter the dispersion zone when the vibration frequency is higher than 1 time/min;Under low frequency vibration,the reciprocating plate column exhibits a mass transfer surface area of up to 314.5 m~(-1);The electro-permanent magnet device consumes only 450.8 J/min,indicating a significant energy-saving effect.The research provides a theoretical basis for the promotion and application of reciprocating plate column based on electro-permanent magnet technology in processes such as mixing and separation.

    2025 04 v.53;No.634 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1561K]

  • Study on drawer-type modular refrigeration systems for refrigerated display cabinets

    NONG Kaifei;SHEN Weiqi;LEI Mingjing;SUN Zhonghao;ZHANG Hua;College of Energy and Power Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology;Shanghai Highly Nakano Refrigerators Co.,Ltd.;

    To address the challenges of difficult and time-consuming repairs when a refrigerated display cabinet malfunctions, which can lead to spoilage of the products inside, a new modular drawer-type refrigeration system for refrigerated display cabinets is proposed. This system integrates the components of the refrigeration system, including the compressor-condenser unit, evaporator, and capillary tube. A modular drawer-type refrigeration system refrigerated display cabinet was constructed, and its disassembly and assembly characteristics, food storage performance,and 24 hour power consumption were analyzed under environmental conditions of 25 ℃ and 60% relative humidity.The research results indicate that the disassembly and assembly of the proposed modular refrigeration system take only 2.3 minutes,and the replacement of the refrigerated display cabinet's dual refrigeration modules can be completed within 5 minutes. Additionally, the temperature of the test package stored in the modular drawer-type refrigeration system refrigerated display cabinet can be maintained between 3.8 ℃ and 7.1 ℃,which meets the requirements for food storage in refrigerated display cabinets. The modular refrigeration system also ensures uniform temperature distribution inside the refrigerated display cabinet.These findings provide a research foundation for the widespread application of easily replaceable, reliable,and high-performance modular refrigeration systems in refrigerated display cabinets.

    2025 04 v.53;No.634 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1160K]

  • Study on the cooling and releasing characteristics of cold water storage tank with perforated plate

    SHI Zibo;ZOU Tonghua;FENG Yongchun;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology,Tianjin University of Commerce;

    In order to solve the problem of the mismatched supply and demand of cooling capacity in the cooling system,the charging and discharging characteristics of the chilled water storage tank are simulated through software.The influences of the position of the perforated plate,the pore diameter of the perforated plate and the opening ratio on the thickness of the thermocline layer in the tank and the charging and discharging efficiency are studied, and verified through experiments.The results show that improving the structure of the orifice plate can reduce the thickness of the thermocline layer and improve the charging and discharging efficiency.When the chilled water storage tank under study has the best effect,the pore diameter of the orifice plate is 20 mm,the opening ratio is 40%,and it is set in the middle position of the chilled water storage tank.Compared with the situation where the orifice plate is placed at the lower part,the charging and discharging efficiency of this structure is increased by 5.2% and 5.4% respectively.Compared with the opening ratio of 30%,the charging and discharging efficiency is increased by 3.2% and 2.1% respectively.Compared with the structure with an opening ratio of 50%,the charging and discharging efficiency is increased by 6.7% and 5.4% respectively.The research results can provide a reference for the optimized design of the cold storage water tanks.

    2025 04 v.53;No.634 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1298K]

  • Joint design of two-stage boosting impeller exit blade angles based on PEMFC performance requirements

    YANG Hanqian;ZHOU Haipeng;CAO Suifeng;ZHOU Lefeng;YANG Guoqi;CHEN Shaolin;College of Mechanical and Intelligent Manufacturing,Central South University of Forestry and Technology;Hunan Tyen Machinery co.,ltd;

    To address the issues of excessive mass flow at surge boundary in the high-pressure stage and increased surge susceptibility in two-stage centrifugal compressors, this study investigates the key structural parameter of impeller exit blade angle affecting surge characteristics. Based on CFD numerical simulations validated by the classical Krain impeller model, the influence of exit blade angles in low and high-pressure stage impellers on overall compressor performance was analyzed. Results show that at the design speed of 70 000 r/min, smaller exit blade angles in both stages improve compressor efficiency at low flow conditions(0.02～0.07 kg/s) with slight pressure ratio reduction. Optimized smaller exit blade angles enhance efficiency by over 3% at low flow rates, reduce surge boundary mass flow by more than 25%, and significantly improve flow stability. The maximum static entropy increase in low and high-pressure stages decreases by approximately 50% and 25%, respectively, reducing flow losses. This study provides design guidelines for developing two-stage boosting systems for PEMFC applications.

    2025 04 v.53;No.634 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1686K]

  • Structural optimization design of ejectors for automotive fuel cells under low-power operating conditions

    JIANG Wentao;WU Ziyao;ZHOU Ran;School of Mechanical Engineering,Shenyang University of Technology;

    In order to optimize the elicitation performance of the elicitor of the hydrogen recirculation system of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell in the low-power region,structural parameters of the elicitor of a 40 kW-class fuel cell were simulated.Univariate influence tests were carried out at a given power to investigate the influence of nozzle throat diameter,mixing chamber diameter,mixing chamber length and the distance between the outlet of nozzle and the inlet of the mixing chamber on the performance of the ejector.The orthogonal tests were carried out by selecting the better three parameters from each of the four factors mentioned above,and the extreme deviation of the test results was analyzed to get the optimal combinations of the parameters mentioned above and the sequence of the degree of influence on the ejection performance of the ejector. Finally,the optimized ejector was simulated. The results show the maximum hydrogen reflux ratio of 2.315 is obtained when the nozzle throat diameter,mixing diameter,mixing chamber length,and the distance between the outlet of nozzle and the inlet of the mixing chamber are taken as 0.8,3.0,18,2.5 mm,respectively,under the working condition of 60 A.The results of the study show that among the four parameters mentioned above,low power condition has a significant effect on the ejection coefficient,while low power condition has a significant effect on the ejection coefficient,and low power condition has a significant effect on the ejection coefficient.Among the four parameters mentioned above,the parameter that has the greatest influence on the ejection coefficient under low power condition is the nozzle throat diameter,and the parameter that has the least influence on the ejection coefficient is the distance between the outlet of nozzle and the inlet of the mixing chamber.The results of the study provide a reference for the optimization of the structural parameters of the ejector under low-power working conditions.

    2025 04 v.53;No.634 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1222K]

  • Performance analysis of helical mixer-integrated Venturi ejector for salt spray removal

    YI Zhuozhou;CHEN Longxiang;YE Kai;School of Advanced Manufacturing,Fuzhou University;Quanzhou Institute of Equipment Manufacturing Haixi Institutes,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Fujian College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;

    This study investigates the salt spray removal characteristics of Venturi ejectors through experimental testing and computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulations to enhance their performance. The air suction variation under different inlet water flow rates was analyzed, and a modified Venturi ejector integrated with a helical mixer was proposed to improve gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency. Results show that the salt spray removal efficiency decreases with increasing gas-liquid ratio(GLR), declining from 83% to 52% as GLR rises from 0.25 to 1.25. Phase stratification at high GLR reduces gas-liquid interfacial area by 12.5%, significantly degrading removal performance. The helical mixer-integrated ejector maintains higher interfacial area and volumetric mass transfer coefficients under high GLR conditions. Despite a 43% reduction in air suction and a 9% increase in pressure drop after mixer integration, the mass transfer rate improves by 90%, indicating superior salt spray capture capability.These findings provide critical insights for optimizing Venturi ejector designs in desalination applications.

    2025 04 v.53;No.634 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1344K]

  • Study on low temperature turbine pneumatic design and performance of impeller with notch

    LI Baiqiang;DIAO Anna;ZENG Yuebo;YANG Fan;YUAN Weiwei;Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Research Institute;

    In view of a low temperature turbine expansion machine with excessive axial load and the insufficient performance study of the gap,firstly,the pneumatic design designed the pneumatic structure of the main structure of the gap,and then simulate the numerical simulation based on the simulation results.The results show that the presence of the impeller gap will change the flow field distribution within the roof gap,the impeller and the depth ratio of the gap,the impeller efficiency and power are reduced, and the axial force decreases.When the gap depth ratio of the gap is 0.3,the equal entropy efficiency decreases by 2.9% compared with 2.4% and the power,and the axial force is reduced by 38.1%. Meet the performance index. This study provides theoretical reference for the application of impeller with gap in low temperature turbine expander.

    2025 04 v.53;No.634 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1514K]

  • Cylinder optimization design of 90 MPa high-pressure diaphragm compressor

    LI Kai;REN Shengdong;ZHANG Shengtao;JIA Xiaohan;School of Energy and Power Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University;Shandong Himile Manufacturing Co., Ltd.;

    To address the cylinder fracture issue in 90 MPa diaphragm compressors for hydrogen refueling stations, a thermo-mechanical coupling model of the high-pressure stage membrane head was established using Ansys Workbench finite element analysis software. The cylinder strength was analyzed, and an improved through-hole bolt cylinder connection structure was proposed and verified. Results show that when the cylinder bottom fillet radius is 0.5 mm, the local stress reaches 1 665 MPa, exceeding the material yield strength and causing stress concentration, leading to fatigue failure under cyclic alternating loads.Increasing the fillet radius to 3 mm reduces the maximum stress to 793 MPa, meeting strength requirements. The improved through-hole bolt structure reduces the maximum stress by 17% for cylinders with the same fillet radius. At a 3 mm fillet radius, the optimized structure achieves a maximum stress of 649 MPa, satisfying design specifications. This study provides reference for structural design of 90 MPa diaphragm compressor cylinders.

    2025 04 v.53;No.634 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1443K]

  • Study on leakage diffusion law of light hydrocarbon pipeline

    CHEN Liqiong;XIONG Zhenbao;ZHAO Xiang;ZHANG Kai;School of Petroleum and Gas Engineering,Southwest Petroleum University;

    To address the leakage and diffusion issues in light hydrocarbon pipelines,this study establishes a conceptual model of the leakage diffusion process,dividing it into four stages and conducting theoretical analysis with formula derivation.A numerical model of atmosphere-pipeline-soil leakage diffusion was developed using CFD to analyze the entire leakage process,focusing on the diffusion range variations of different hydrocarbon components and comparing multi-component versus single-component leakage characteristics.Simulation results show that light hydrocarbon leakage occurs in three phases:rapid diffusion in the initial phase,stabilization during the middle phase,and full stabilization after 800 s in the final phase.C3 exhibits the largest gaseous diffusion range,while C5 shows the largest liquid diffusion range.Single-component C2～C4 demonstrate broader diffusion ranges,whereas multi-component C5～C8 exhibit larger diffusion extents. In multi-component leakage,sequential vaporization and diffusion suppress the diffusion of heavy gaseous components,resulting in smaller ranges compared to single components,while liquid components expand their diffusion due to gas-phase entrainment.This study provides theoretical foundations and technical support for emergency management of light hydrocarbon pipeline leaks.

    2025 04 v.53;No.634 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1541K]

  • Dynamic flow field analysis of sliding valves based on overset mesh

    YUAN Zhicheng;YANG Meng;YE Tianming;BIAN Yongming;HOU Zeran;School of Mechanical Engineering,Tongji University;National Engineering Technology Research Center for Prefabrication Construction in Civil Engineering,Tongji University;Shanghai Marine Electronic Equipment Research Institute;

    To investigate the influence of different spool structures on the internal flow field of sliding valves during dynamic motion, unsteady simulations based on the overset mesh method were conducted to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the flow field in sliding valves with three spool types(standard spool, dual-curve spool, and turbine-blade spool, corresponding to outlet jet angles of 90°, 45°, and 30°). The spool and valve chamber domains were defined in the foreground and background meshes respectively, enabling dynamic fluid domain variation during spool movement to simulate valve opening/closing. Results indicate that under a 1 MPa inlet-outlet pressure difference, the maximum flow velocity reaches 50 m/s, generating lateral hydraulic forces up to 100 N. Dynamic changes in spool displacement significantly affect velocity, pressure, and turbulence distributions. Curved spools(dual-curve and turbine-blade) effectively reduce maximum turbulent kinetic energy(TKE) and outlet negative pressure backflow. The standard spool exhibits flow oscillation and negative pressure backflow during bidirectional regulation, causing flow instability with maximum TKE≈400 J/kg. The symmetric dual-curve spool shows smaller directional dependence in flow fluctuations(maximum TKE≈330 J/kg). The turbine-blade spool demonstrates superior flow regulation, pressure distribution, and turbulence suppression due to its enlarged inflow boundary. These results provide theoretical foundations and design guidelines for high-precision sliding valves.

    2025 04 v.53;No.634 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1972K]

  • The influence of blade arrangement on the vibration characteristics of self-priming jet stirring

    ZHANG Jing;ZHENG Zijian;LI Mingyang;CHENG Simiao;GONG Bin;School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology;

    In order to explore the influence of the blade arrangement mode on the vibration characteristics of the self-priming jet impellers, a combination of experimental and numerical methods was adopted. A comparative analysis was conducted on the fluid flow characteristics and mixing power consumption in stirred tanks with co-directional(SJI) and staggered(PSJI) blade configurations, along with an evaluation of vibration differences under static and prestressed modal conditions. The results show that the staggered blade arrangement generates upward and downward jet flows, increasing fluid flow complexity. Under power-law fluid conditions, compared to SJI, the viscosity and mixing power consumption around PSJI blades decreased by 1.2%and 4.0%, respectively, while the maximum stress of PSJI increased by 8.86%. Modal analysis revealed the largest vibration mode differences between the 1st/2nd-order static and prestressed modes, with PSJI vibration amplitudes exceeding SJI by 14%～18% due to blade arrangement effects. Analysis of the 6th-order modes showed that the liquid-solid coupling had less influence on PSJI vibration modes than on SJI, with maximum vibration amplitudes occurring at the jet outlet. The staggered configuration enhanced bottom fluid flow, intensified shear-thinning effects on power-law fluids, and reduced power consumption. This study provides insights for the optimal design and application of stirred impellers.

    2025 04 v.53;No.634 [Abstract][OnlineView][Download 1546K]
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